The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court

The Original Jurisdiction of the U.S. Preeminent Court While by far most of cases considered by the U.S. Incomparable Court come to it as an intrigue to a choice by one of the lower government or state advances courts, a couple however significant classifications of cases can be taken legitimately to the Supreme Court under its â€Å"original jurisdiction.† Unique purview is the intensity of a court to hear and choose a case before it has been heard and chosen by any lower court. As such, it is a court’s capacity to hear and choose a case before any redrafting survey. The Fastest Track to the Supreme Court As initially characterized in Article III, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, and now systematized in government law at 28 U.S.C.  § 1251. Segment 1251(a), the Supreme Court has unique ward more than four classes of cases, which means parties associated with these kinds of cases can take them legitimately to the Supreme Court, in this manner bypassing the generally protracted interests court process. In the Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress made the Supreme Courts unique locale elite in suits between at least two states, between a state and an outside government, and in suits against envoys and other open priests. Today, it is expected that the Supreme Courts locale over different sorts of suits including the states was to be simultaneous or shared, with the state courts. The classes of cases falling under the Supreme Court’s unique locale are: Discussions between at least two states;All activities or procedures to which envoys, other open pastors, representatives, or bad habit emissaries of outside states are parties;All contentions between the United States and a state; andAll activities or procedures by a state against the residents of another state or against outsiders. In cases including discussions between states, government law gives the Supreme Court both unique and â€Å"exclusive†-locale, which means such cases might be heard distinctly by the Supreme Court.â In its 1794 choice on account of Chisholm v. Georgia, the Supreme Court mixed debate when it decided that Article III conceded it unique ward over suits against a state by a resident of another state. Both Congress and the states promptly considered this to be a danger to the sway of the states and responded by embracing the Eleventh Amendment, which states: â€Å"The Judicial intensity of the United States will not be interpreted to stretch out to any suit in law or value, started or indicted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.†Ã¢ Marbury v. Madison: An Early Test A significant part of the Supreme Court’s unique locale is that its Congress can't extend its degree. This was set up in the strange â€Å"Midnight Judges† occurrence, which prompted the Court’s managing in the milestone 1803 instance of Marbury v. Madison. In February 1801, recently chose President, Thomas Jefferson - an Anti-Federalist - requested his acting Secretary of State James Madison not to convey commissions for arrangements for 16 new government judges who hosted been made by his Federalist Get-together antecedent, President John Adams. One of the reprimanded representatives, William Marbury, documented an appeal for a writ of mandamus legitimately in the Supreme Court, on the jurisdictional grounds that the Judiciary Act of 1789 expressed that the Supreme Court will have capacity to issue †¦ writs of mandamus ... to any courts delegated, or people holding office, under the authority of the United States.† In its first utilization of its capacity of legal survey over demonstrations of Congress, the Supreme Court decided that by extending the extent of the Court’s unique ward to incorporate cases including presidential arrangements to the government courts, Congress had surpassed its established authority.â â Few, however Important Cases Of the three manners by which cases may arrive at the Supreme Court (claims from lower courts, requests from state incomparable courts, and unique purview), by a long shot the least cases are considered under the Court’s unique locale. Overall, just a few of the almost 100 cases heard every year by the Supreme Court are considered under unique ward. Be that as it may, many are as yet significant cases. Most unique locale cases include outskirt or water rights debates between at least two states, which means they must be settled by the Supreme Court. For instance, the now renowned unique purview instance of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado including the privileges of the three states to utilize the waters of the Republican River was first positioned on the Court’s agenda in 1998 and was not chosen until 2015.â Other significant unique purview may include claims recorded by a state government against a resident of another state. In the milestone 1966 instance of South Carolina v. Katzenbach, for instance, South Carolina tested the lawfulness of the government Voting Rights Act of 1965 by suing U.S. Lawyer General Nicholas Katzenbach, a resident of another state at that point. As its would like to think composed by respected Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court dismissed South Carolina’s challenge finding that the Voting Rights Act was a substantial exercise of Congress power under the requirement statement of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution. Unique Jurisdiction Cases and Special Masters’ The Supreme Court manages cases considered under its unique purview than those arriving at it through its increasingly conventional â€Å"appellate jurisdiction.† In unique purview cases managing questioned understandings of the law or the U.S. Constitution, the Court itself will as a rule hear customary oral contentions by lawyers working on it. Nonetheless, in cases managing contested physical realities or activities, as frequently happens in light of the fact that they have not been heard by a preliminary court, the Supreme Court for the most part names a â€Å"special master† to the case. The unique ace generally a lawyer held by the Court-conducts what adds up to a preliminary by social occasion proof, taking sworn declaration and making a decision. The uncommon ace at that point presents a Special Master Report to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court at that point considers the uncommon master’s administering in a similar way as a normal government claims court would, instead of directing its own preliminary. Next, the Supreme Court concludes whether to acknowledge the unique master’s report or to hear contentions over the conflicts with the extraordinary master’s report. At last, the Supreme Court chooses the case by casting a ballot in its customary way, alongside composed articulations of simultaneousness and difference. Unique Jurisdiction Cases Can Take Years to Decide While most cases that arrive at the Supreme Court on bid from lower courts are heard and managed on inside a year in the wake of being acknowledged, unique purview cases relegated to an uncommon ace can take months, even a long time to settle. The extraordinary ace should essentially â€Å"start from scratch† in taking care of the case. Volumes of prior briefs and lawful pleadings by the two gatherings must be perused and considered by the ace. The ace may likewise need to hold hearings in which contentions by the legal advisors, proof, and witness declaration might be introduced. This procedure brings about a great many pages of records and transcripts that must be aggregated, arranged and weighed by the exceptional ace. For instance, the first purview instance of Kansas v. Nebraska and Colorado including contested rights to water from the Republican River was acknowledged by the Supreme Court in 1999. Four reports from two distinctive unique bosses later, the Supreme Court at long last administered looking into the issue 16 years after the fact in 2015. Fortunately, the individuals of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado had different wellsprings of water.

Tune Hotel Porter 5 Forces Essay Example

Tune Hotel Porter 5 Forces Essay As an industry managing administrations, Tune. com Hotel has its structure that shapes the opposition inside the travel industry in term of situating the organization to adapt best to both the business condition and to impact the earth for the organization (Pearce Robinson, p. 95). There are 5 powers investigation in driving industry rivalry pushed by Michael E. Doorman, they are some broad rule that appropriate for a business, especially for Tune. om Hotel Company set up in Malaysia. This serious powers shape Tune. com Hotel nonexclusive system so as to achieve the company’s objective, that is to oblige the visitors with more prominent worth. The five powers investigations on the travel industry ventures administration from Tune. com Hotel perspective are as follow. 1. The danger of new contestants. A hindrance to passage or danger of section is high, due to the elements underneath. * Economies of scale Promote better economy of scale. Imprint Lankester stated, ‘With the opening of more lodgings, there has been a superior economy of scale and the organization has become more cost productive, and consequently the administrator charge is not, at this point applicable and the investment funds can be passed to the guests,’ (Malaysia Reserve, p. 32). Tune has become more cost effective as the inn covers the focal, northern southern, eastern and western piece of Malaysia. As the outcomes, Tune scraps the regulatory charge for appointments. * Product separation and brand character Tune offers more prominent reserve funds to visitors through room accusing of the choice of exceptional solace bundle. It expects to give accommodation and solace to voyagers and holidaymakers just as businessperson. What's more Tune has been named among 20 most creative brands. Notice and client care build up its image distinguishing proof that therefore fabricated client faithfulness. There have been in excess of 2,000,000 visitors of Tune. * Capital necessity Tune inn contributes over RM907 million for new inns demonstrates a need of huge capital infusion. The budgetary administrations arm Tune Group is Tune Money Sdn Bhd. * Government strategy It is obligatory to enroll the settlement premises and to conform to the Laws of Malaysia explicitly the Tourism Industry Act. * Access to dispersion channels Sooner a system of 30 lodgings worldwide would be worked in Malaysia, London, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Australia as expressed by the CEO of Tune, ‘This is a piece of our arrangement to have 100 inns around the globe by 2015’ () 2. Bartering intensity of provider Supplier power is low as they have restricted dealing power because of the most reduced cost activities theory of Tune Hotels. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tune Hotel Porter 5 Forces explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Tune Hotel Porter 5 Forces explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Tune Hotel Porter 5 Forces explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The providers are King Koil, bedmakers who flexibly beds to 5-star lodgings; Pensonic Holdings Bhd supplies AC, plasma TV and roof fan; Nippon Paint, CIMB Bank, provider of PDA banking; Orlando; Maggie; and Senses, provider of enhancements. Solid relationship with these key accomplices is greatest favorable circumstances of organization. 3. Haggling intensity of purchaser Buyer Power is low as the customers would not deal any lower since Tune gives 5-star beds at mind blowing worth and reasonableness and advance the idea pay-as-you-use just as â€Å"no-frills† inn idea. . Danger of substitutes Threat of substitutes is high shown by the cases of fortification of guesthouses in Kuala Lumpur and lodgings accessible at spending cost, also popularity presence among understudies and explorers. 5. Power of contention Competitive competition inside lodging industry is high as the factor of assortment client special profile. There certain clients are eager to pay more on account of the perfect area and offer alluring bundles by the contenders.

The Number One Lesson of Minimalism

The Number One Lesson of Minimalism Weve learned more than we ever dreamed throughout our journey into minimalism. Likewise during our tour stops. And were still learning. But the most important lesson weve learned is that minimalism appeals to only one group of people: people with an open mind. During our coast-to-coast travels, weve experienced a diversity textbook of people from every walk of life. Thousands of folks have attended our meetups, from factory workers to former CEOs, from attorneys to stand-up comics, from eleven-year-old boys to 83-year-old great-grandmothers, from every ethnicity to every socioeconomic background, from high school dropouts to college professors, from marathon runners to people struggling to lose weight, from single moms to parents bringing their teenagers to hear us speak. Minimalism is applicable to anyone. Anyone with an open mind, that is. Were all searching for more meaningful lives. You are not alone. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

9 Reasons to Become a Meteorologist

Grapes of Wrath Essay Theme of Strength Through Unity

Theme of Strength Through Unity in The Grapes of Wrathnbsp;nbsp; The traditional human family represents a necessary transition between self and community. In the difficult era of the 1930s, the familys role shifted to guard against a hostile outside world rather than to provide a link with it. With the drought in the Dust Bowl and other tragedies of the Great Depression, many were forced to look beyond the traditional family unit and embrace their kinship with others of similar necessity. In his novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck uses the theme of strength through unity to comment on the relationship between the dissolution of individual families and the unification of the migrant people. The journey of the Joad family†¦show more content†¦As the many families camp together, proximity combined with necessity breaks down barriers of relation, and miniature societies form with there own unwritten rules and expectations. It is in one of these Hoovervilles that the Joads have a wicked confrontation with a vigilant police officer. A wo man is shot, Tom and Floyd Knowles nearly become fugitives, and Jim Casey is arrested and thus removed from both the family and society. This sacrificing of self for the good of the group strengthens the bonds between the migrants in the Hooverville, and Caseys experience with fellow inmates in prison gives him an important realization about the power of organized protest. Incidentally, these terrible losses at the Hooverville drive the Joads in fear to what will turn out to be a far better place, and the knowledge that there are others in the same situation who will help lends unifying strength to the family and other migrants. On the surface, the government-run Weedpatch camp is heaven compared to the squalor of the Hooverville, but it is also a place of incredible unity and advanced culture. The Joads are lucky to find a place, and this is a pleasant place where all people are held to be equal. Broken down, it is a collection of families sharing common sanitation units, but taken as a whole, it is a society. Here the individual family roles break down as family members fill other positions for the camp at large.Show MoreRelatedBiblical Allusions to The Grapes of Wrath Essay example1457 Words   |  6 PagesBiblical Allusions to The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, on February 27, 1902. He studied marine biology at Stanford University and then traveled east on a freighter through the Panama Canal. Steinbeck went to New York to work as a newspaper reporter but soon returned to California and held a variety of jobs while he wrote. Steinbeck published Tortilla Flat in 1935, Of Mice and Men in 1937, and The Red Pony in 1937, which established his reputation as a forcefulRead MoreThemes, Styles, And Techniques Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesSpencer Kandel English IV Mr. Otton 16 November 2016 Themes, Styles, and Techniques as Expressed in the Works of John Steinbeck INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO INTRO When looking over Of Mice and Men, we come to realize that this work portrays various questions when it comes to man and his life. The main question that this work asks when the story is told is â€Å"is man destined to live alone, a solitary wanderer on the face of the earth, or is it the fate of man to care for man, to go in his wayRead MoreTheme Of Creation And Expulsion Of Cain From The Garden Of Eden Essay2550 Words   |  11 Pagesanother?† Should we ride solo or join others along the way? That is one of the themes of this work. This theme is like the theme that occurs in the Old Testament immediately following the story of creation and expulsion of Cain from the garden of Eden. (Goldhurst 126) Particularly with this questioning on man’s fate, we are asked whether we should live life alongside others or not. We come to realize that this same exact theme has been portrayed in another work, and in this case, the Bible. The questionRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageshave been used to explain other religious phenomenon dont always apply comfortably to the peculiar developments of Rastafarianism. For instance, very few modern religions have assumed such a signiï ¬ cant place in the mainstream of popular culture through the use of music. Marley is not seen as a religious ï ¬ gure; rather he is seen as a rock star, a pop hero, an icon. And yet his faith is at the core of his music. Rastafarians have dubbed Marley the psalmist and prophet of the movement. This is a

Paper Business Free Essays

Harper, Savanna List’, Melanie Price, Arthur Smith SENT 561 lull 29, 2013 Granular Saxons Wall-Mart Sampling Survey research is an important technique to measure consumer characteristics and opinions. The survey sample is defined as the survey demographic was any â€Å"customers† of Wall-Mart that shopped within stores. The type of survey administered chosen was a non-probability sampling survey, which is convenient for the customer to fill out on his or her terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Paper Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now The collection process was identical to the distribution; through hand-to-hand transactions, mail-in, or while shopping online. The sample was a group of shoppers that totaled 10 stores in different regions, 50 per store. Once the surveys were collected, they were provided to the strategy department by way of the staff. In this research and data analysis Wall-Mart will provide an explanation of the findings and how they affect the company. Confidence Level: 1 180% 190% 1 199% I z-score: I 1 1. 28161 1. 645 11. 96 12. 5758 1 Precision I I Population Size = 150 1 What Is the sample size? Assumed= 195% 120 126 130 137 1 conservative P-150% 139 143 145 147 1 Summary of Learning Team Results Wall-Mart thought It was Imperative to gather accurate results when they administered their survey to the customers. Therefore, a basis of analysis was determined In which the retailer could gauge the survey results. Until this survey was developed, there was no standardized method for collecting Information about the Wall-Mart customer experience. When looking at the responses, Wall-Mart received the lowest average rating for question 9. In question 9 customers are asked how they rate the assistance on the sales floor. Poorly rated sales floor assistance may affect customer satisfaction ratings, and It Is Important to Improve this area to Increase customer satisfaction (Enclave, Benson, ; Squelch, 2011). The ratings Indicated that Wall-Mart received the highest rating for question number 5 In which customers were asked to rate the convenience of a 24-hour super center. The high rated response to this question may Indicate that customers are pleased with Wall- Mart because they offer a 24-hour shopping experience. Out of the 15 survey questions 10 questions average a response within 0. 0 above and below the neutral point of a score of 3. The survey rating results not only indicate a wide range for customer satisfaction improvement but also an overall customer satisfaction rating of only 56% satisfied with the Wall-Mart shopping experience Answers to the Research Questions Wall-Mart focused the survey questions on the customer experience at the store. The data was analyzed to establish a baseline of quantitative numerical value to trend throughout the year. The analysis of the data is to enable Wall-Mart to develop and define customer satisfaction strategies and vision. Out of the 15 survey questions 10 of the questions average a response within 0. 50 above and below the neutral point of a score of 3. The answers from the customer survey indicate a need for a strategic Lana to improve the overall customer experience at the Wall-Mart stores. The answers to the survey questions were beneficial to obtain the perception, view, and voice of the customers’ experience during their Wall-Mart visit. Customer satisfaction promotes an increase in brand loyalty to Wall-Mart; therefore benefits business literacy and return on investment. The main focus is to keep the customer happy and coming back to the store (Wall-Mart Stores, Inc. , 2010). Research Challenges There are many challenges that can be faced when conducting survey research. Such as, dealing with primary research, determining the purpose and whether or not initiative or qualitative data is needed can present challenges in research. It sets the basis for the type and the direction the research should take. This includes proper place or method to distribute the survey, providing clear and concise questions or properly addressing cultural differences in order to effectively reach all consumers. These are some of the challenges our team faced when conducting and gathering research. Wall-Mart consumers come from all walks of life, yet, want to be provided the best customer service. Developing a line of questions that is understandable to all ages and cultures can come with barriers as well. Another challenge faced was getting accurate responses from customers due to the patience level and finding clear, concise questions that link the main research question. Steps to Minimize Challenges in Future Research There are various steps that can be used to minimize the research challenges in the future in order to be effective. The first step is determining the purpose for the research in order to decipher if qualitative or quantitative data is needed. Secondly, establish any language or cultural barriers in the beginning of the research that may cause communication issues in the line of questioning. This is appropriate because that way it provides accurate information in the responses. Another way to minimize challenges in the future will be to thoroughly set a return or time limit so customers don’t feel rushed in responding. This goes along with possibly condensing the number of questions so customers do not feel overwhelmed, thus providing truthful answers. Lastly, although survey research is very cost effective, it can be very vague. The data helps determine the probability of popularity in the overall answers. However, sometimes further explanation is needed and in order to minimize the gray area. In the future, adding an additional incentive based discussion in the future can assist with the research. Rationale for the Survey Items Wall-Mart’s focus is on their business problem, customer satisfaction to increase brand loyalty to benefit the business literacy and bottom-line. The organization’s solution includes the use of customer surveys not only to gain quantitative analysis but also qualitative analysis to use to develop a strategic plan to increase customer and stakeholder satisfaction. The purpose of the survey is to use measurement questions to determine and obtain the customers’ voice and perception. The survey is geared to improve the services and obtain customer feedback from the ratings provided. The questions used in the survey are specific to determine and obtain the customers’ voice and perception of their Wall-Mart experience. The questions use a numerical rating scale to obtain quantitative data and a comment section to obtain qualitative information. Both are important to Wall-Mart to understand the wants and needs of the customer. The customer survey design is an attitude scaling survey. â€Å"Attitude scaling is the process of assessing an attitudinal disposition using a umber that represents a customer’s score on an attitudinal continuum ranging from an extremely favorable disposition to an extremely unfavorable one† (Cooper ; Schneider, 2006, p. 24). The question design is modeled from a combination of the Liker Summated Rating and basic numerical scales. These scales are used to gather ordinal and interval data from participants. The rating results may be summed to measure the customer’s overall attitude toward the Wall-Mart customer experience (Cooper Schneider, 2006). The numerical ratings are broken down into five different areas of measurement for the customer to review. A rating scale of one to five is useful in the quantitative research to obtain a rating to measure customer satisfaction to establish a useful continuous performance improvement program not only to increase customer satisfaction but also increase brand loyalty. The qualitative data is useful to obtain information along with the quantitative data to develop goals and strategies not only to retain the current customer but also to create a customer loyalty to increase business literacy (Enclave, Benson, Cinch, 2011). â€Å"An increase of 5% in customer retention can increase profits by 25% to 95% (Market Tools, Inc. 2006, p. 3). Recommendation for Future Research There are many avenues Wall-Mart can take in the future in regard to the way the company performs research, one avenue are telephone surveys. In the future telephone surveys can be beneficial a toll-free number can be provided on the customer’s receipt for them to call to leave feedback. When a phone interview is conducted by a person and not an automated system, the interviewer can ask more in-depth questions to determine the root of the score. A company can determine why a question scored so high or so little. This aspect is helpful to the company cause it allows them to know what needs to change to make a score better. For example if the parking has a poor rating, more in-depth questions may find that parking has a poor rating because there are always carts in the lot blocking spaces. This response allows the company to act on making that score better. Phone interviews could also be useful year round, providing information for continual improvements to customer service. The company’s survey that was recently conducted only allowed feedback at the end for an overall survey, adding a comment section at each question may also be helping to the company, if they choose to stay tit the current survey method. How to cite Paper Business, Papers

Organizational Dynamics Essay Example

Organizational Dynamics Paper Kelsey Seminar 6 Saturday 1. How can managers develop an organizational culture that encourages a high-performance system or a learning organization? A high performance system is the idea that today’s organizations need continuing excellence and renewal as a way to bring innovation into our systems (Brown, 2006, p. 381). HPS calls for the removal of excessive layers of structure within the organization and the creation of a climate that encourages participation and communication across functional barriers (Brown, 2006, p. 81). The leader needs to display energy and zest for the task being worked on, the products and processes being developed, and fellow team members (Brown, 2006, p. 381). Leading by example is a popular way for managers to create excitement and electricity within the workplace (Brown, 2006, p. 381). Displays of enthusiasm tend to improve the morale and productivity of the workforce (Brown, 2006, p. 381). 2. Compare and contrast organization development and org anization transformation. How are they similar or dissimilar? Organizational development compromises the long-range efforts and programs aimed at improving an organizations ability to survive by changing its problem-solving and renewal processes (Brown, 2006, p. 4). It involves moving forward an adaptive organization and achieving corporate excellence by integrating the desires of individuals for growth and development with organizational goals (Brown, 2006, p. 4). Organization transformation is defined as dramatic, abrupt, change to total structures, managerial processes, and corporate cultures (Brown, 2006, p. 399). It requires a redesign of everything in the organization, including the norms of the culture, the very soul of the organization (Brown, 2006, p. 399). Nothing is sacred, and there are few, if any, guidelines (Brown, 2006, p. 399). The two are similar because they are both ways of helping make an organization better so it will be the best it can be. They are different because OD is more about making the individuals happy to help them want to make the company better, the OT is more about trying to redo the foundation of the company to make it better from here out. . Describe future trends in organization development and explain how each fits with in the context of your organization? The future trends include: (Brown, 2006, p. 427). Organizational Transformation- This recent advance in change strategies is used in situations of drastic, abrupt change when the organization’s survival is at stake. Shared Vision-this approach to organizational change involves getting all levels of m anagement to identify the strategic vision of the future and what it takes to make it work. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Dynamics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Dynamics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Dynamics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Innovation- Organizations are focusing more effort on innovating- creating new products, goods and services. Trust- The critical factor in changing organizations is the development of trust within and between individuals, teams, and organizational units and levels. Empowerment- In order to develop high-performing systems, organization members must be empowered. Learning organization- a conceptual framework for the organization of the future, the learning organization is the notion that learning is central to success. Reengineering- The fundamental rethinking and radical redesigning of business ystems urges an overhaul of job designs, organizational structures, and management systems. Core Competences- the idea for companies to identify and organize around what they do best. Organizational Architecture- a metaphor that forces managers to think more broadly about their organization in terms of how work, people and formal and informal structures fit together. Reference Brown, D. R. Har vey, D. (2006). An experiential approach to Organizational development, (7th ed. ). ,Upper Saddle River, N J: Prentice Hall.

South Africa - Apartheid essays

South Africa - Apartheid essays Thesis- That the era of apartheid in South Africa enforced racist ideals on to the minds of society, and although is no longer in place, has left legacy that may never South Africa is a country tormented by a past of enforced racism and separation of its multi-racial community. The superior white Europeans invaded the country and imposed a political system known as Apartheid (meaning apartness). This system severely restricted the rights and lifestyle of the non-white inhabitants of the country forcing them to live separately from the white Europeans. This system of imposed racial ideas although now ended, has left an imprint on the thoughts and actions of society in South Africa today. Dutch farmers known as the Boers settled the African lands. Eventually, a rising great Britain noted the rich resources and strategic location of the country. Britain imposed its rule on rebellious Boers, pushing the Boers off their land and eventually sparking the Boer war. Britain employed an overwhelming force to subdue the Boers. Ironically the Boers, now called Afrikaners, triumphed. . The Afrikaners imposed the Apartheid system, which aimed to turn the already segregated society into completely divided and separately developing racial communities The Apartheid system brought about many laws to ensure that the races of South Africa were kept separate. The first major law was the Race Classification Act which divided the citizens of South Africa into separate groups, white, black and coloured. With this also came the Group Areas Act, which was imposed to ensure that whites and blacks lived separately. South Africa was divided into separate areas for each race. As a persons race could not only be judged by appearance, people had to carry something to prove their identity. The reference or pass book was introduced to ensure that people were not in the wro...

7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal

7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal 7 Essential Details to Include in Your Research Proposal What’s that? You’re planning to study a PhD and you have a great idea for some groundbreaking research in the field of [insert subject of choice here]? But you’re not sure what to include in your research proposal? Well, you’ve come to the right place! In the following, we set out the seven essential elements of a research proposal. 1. Title Are we stating the obvious by saying you need a working title? Maybe. The point is that your title should be clear but memorable, quickly telling your reader what your research is about. 2. Introduction Every research proposal should begin by introducing the subject area and the specific problem your research will address. This sets the tone for the rest of your proposal and is therefore your only opportunity to make a good first impression, so make sure it’s well organized and informative. 3. Literature Review A research proposal doesn’t usually include a full literature review, but you should provide an overview of key studies in your field. Doing this supplies the reader with vital background information, helping them understand how your study will add to existing research. Following in the footsteps of Ben Franklin, my study will involve tying stuff to kites and angering Zeus. 4. Aims and Objectives Once you’ve established your research problem, your proposal should outline a set of aims and objectives. The distinction here is as follows: Your research aim is the broad expected outcome of the study and what you hope the research will achieve overall; Your research objectives are narrower and more focused, with each one detailing how you will meet the overall study aims. If required, you should also state the hypotheses your research will test. 5. Methodology Make sure to identify the methods you intend to use in the study, especially if you’re conducting experimental research. This will include things like whether you’re using a qualitative or quantitative approach, equipment, ethical concerns, and sampling and analysis techniques. Try to be as descriptive as possible, which may include justifying why you’ve chosen to use certain methods over alternative options. I chose to use lasers because lasers are awesome, dude! Science Bro, shortly before a laser-related injury. 6. Scope of Research A common mistake when writing a PhD proposal is failing to consider the scope of the research. Remember that you’ll be working with limited time and resources, so your study should be something you can realistically complete within these constraints. The proposal should therefore include something about what your work will focus on and what it leaves unaddressed, as well as any limitations to the methods adopted. 7. Outline and Timetable Finally, a good research proposal will also include a chapter outline and a timetable. The chapter outline sets out how you intend to structure the final dissertation, noting what each section will cover and how it fits into your overall argument. The timetable, meanwhile, will set out a step-by-step plan of when you expect to finish each stage of your study, including everything from initial research to writing up your results. Try to be a bit more specific than this. Doing this shows that you’ve considered the practical side of conducting research, making your proposal more convincing as a result.

Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security - Essay Example Since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid, the Obama care represents one of the most important regulatory overhauls of the U.S. healthcare system. The significant role of the PPACA was felt in healthcare system due to its incorporation with Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act amendments in the United States. The ACA was enacted in order to increase the affordability and quality of health insurance. Through this health care act, there was a provision of lowering the uninsured rates through the expansion of public and private insurance coverage. This bill, additionally, reduced the cost of healthcare for both the individual patients and the government. Lastly, the â€Å"Obama care† introduced mechanisms like subsidies, mandates and insurance exchanges. This act established a universally single-payer health care system in the United States. It was roughly an equivalent of Canada’s Medicare. Under a single care insurance model, all the medical care were supposed to be catered for by the government of the United States. The major aim of National Health Care Pact was to end the need for private health insurance and premiums. This entirely probably was aimed at recasting the privately owned health care insurance company and boosting the affordability and efficiency of the United States health care system (Mathews, 2014). The external factors that led to the implementation of the Patient Protect and Affordable Care Act and the United States National Health Care Act was to have an efficient and affordable healthcare system to the public. Health care, as a national government policy, is a very crucial docket especially when it comes to the expenses communally incurred to cater for these expenses. The implementation of â€Å"Obama Care† considerably considered the accessibility of health services to the public, which is the basic entity of both the federal and national governments (Institute of medicine, 2005).

Composers of the 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Composers of the 20th Century - Essay Example The first and most important way by which Stravinsky did this is by introducing the changing face of his style of composition, while retaining essential and distinctive identity. Stravinsky also introduced the use of motivic development. This involved the use of repeatable musical figures in different guises either in a section of the composition, or in its entirety. Herein, notes are added or subtracted to a motif, without any regard to consequent changes that may take place in metre (20). It is against the backdrop of Stravinsky’s contributions that the idea and practice of pushing rhythms across the bar lines began to gain more notoriety. Consequently, because of Stravinsky’s input, the rhythmic structure in music gained a more fluid and spontaneous streak, especially in his work on The Rite of Spring. The same also made Stravinsky’s compositions take on a more offbeat, primitive and rhythmic drive and thereby making his work more unique. The veracity behind this is underscored by the fact that it is through this effort that Stravinsky is known in the history of music as the only composer who upgraded music to its artistic status. In equal length, Arnold Schoenberg also broke ranks with musical traditions of the past by the many inventions and contributions he made. Particularly, Schoenberg invented the dodecaphonic compositional method which is also known as the twelve-tone compositional method. In so doing, Schoenberg set the path for his students such as Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Hans Eisler who followed the dodecaphonic method of composition and made it famous. Byron points out that Schoenberg showed a departure from the musical traditions of the past by abandoning key centers in his musical composition, and thereby helping perpetuate the concept of free atonality which was relatively new by then (7). Also, Schoenberg’s work and procedures at it were organized in a dual manner, simultaneously. Schoenberg’s

Effect of Stigma on Mental Health

Effect of Stigma on Mental Health From thousands of years, debate has been going on among practitioners how to treat mental illness. Several modifications have been done from burning, chaining, locking them in homes and drilling their heads to unchaining and treating them like humans (Foerschner, 2010). But the nurses who work in mental health setting still face the problems in delivering care in a stigma free environment in order to promote the health of mentally ill patients (Stuart, 2009). For such mentally ill clients we need to accept their behavior rather than stigmatization (Angermeyer Matschinger, 2003). Stigma is a â€Å"collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, thoughts, and behaviors that influence the individual, or the general public, to fear, reject, avoid, be prejudiced, and discriminate people† (Gary, 2005). The reason behind selection of this topic is that to accepting mentally ill patient with the intention of promoting their health. In West, stigma to mental illness is properly recognized, equally managed and prevented. Yet, in Eastern cultures, being mentally ill is still seen as a mark of dishonor for family, mental health patients are still stigmatized and socially isolated and supposed as being haunted by evil spirit or jinn (Naeem, Ayub, Javed, Irfan, Haral Kingdon, 2006). Additionally, mental health is considered to be the most avoided field in Pakistan due to the stigma attached to it (Qasim, 2012). Not so long I have being in psychiatric setting where we all were sitting in cafà © having our break together, suddenly a man in brown traditional clothes with leather jacket wearing black goggles ask one of our colleague if he want some tea? he answered â€Å"no†, that person sat on nearby table and ask waiter to bring one zinger burger. While noting his getup which was not according to weather and unusual behavior, my colleague abruptly ask our faculty â€Å"Ma’am is he mad or what? After hearing those words that patient suddenly pushes his chair and leaves the cafà ©.† This is how people unintentionally target psychiatric patient by hitting their self-esteem rather accepting them as a part of society and understand there awkward behavior as a part of their illness. In a society stigma marks a boundary between â€Å"normal† and â€Å"outsider,† and between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† (Link Phelan, 2001). Question is how we can break this boundary of discrimination which is causing barrier to recovery of mentally ill clients? The case scenario will now be analyzed on a social cognitive model explains how public and self stigma are formed and maintained. There are 3 components that structure this model are: stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination. Social psychologists see stereotypes as information learned by society (Augoustinos, Ahrens, Innes, 1994; Esses, Haddock, Zanna, 1994; Hilton von Hippel, 1996; Judd Park, 1993; Krueger, 1996; Mullen, Rozell, Johnson, 1996). Without thinking we quickly create expectation and impression of people who fit in to a stereotyped group, (Hamilton Sherman, 1994) just like my colleague label that person as ‘mad’. Prejudice endorse people may show a negative reactions by supporting their learned negative stereotype. (Devine, 1988, 1989, 1995; Hilton von Hippel, 1996; Krueger, 1996). Prejudice may lead to discriminatory behavior (Weiner, 1995) just like my colleague discriminate that person as one who is not following societal norms and discriminate his behavior from normal to abnormal (for social cognitive model refer appendix fig 1.). Being stigmatized has several harmful effects on the individual, the immediate family and the community too. At first in the name of honor or embarrassment, the individual and family doesn’t reach the health care provider for treatment options. It also cause non-adherence to effective treatment regimen. Self stigma is another effect resulting in low self esteem, negative self perception and self care when a person internalizes the discriminatory behavior and societal stigmatizing attitude. Lastly stigma has also affects the attitude of health care provider. Study has shown that in hospital setting nurses display punishing attitude and use unacceptable manner for treating them, like unnecessarily retraining them (Pinto-Foltz Logsdon, 2009). To reduce stigma and discrimination against people with mental health disorders the largest ever program was launched in England on Jan 21, 2009, called Time to Change. By referring social cognitive model this program aims to show that change is possible that would bring hope to people who are deleteriously exhausted by discrimination (refer appendix fig 2.) (Henderson Thornicroft). A few procedures for stigma decrease are accounted in the literature. These interventions and techniques might be used at diverse levels: the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational/institutional, group, and governmental/structural (McLeroy et al, 1988; Richard et al, 1996). Firstly, intrapersonal level has always remained a primary focus to change the behavior of an individual. Interventions are done to change the individual’s knowledge, behavior, attitude, self concept, enhancing self esteem, coping skills, strengthening, and financial support. We can carry out these interventions via indiv idual counseling or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Self help advocacy and support groups (Heijnders Van Der Meij, 2006). Secondly, intervention at interpersonal level deals with the impact of social gathering and social support on the health of mentally ill client. The interpersonal environment of the patient includes their family, friends and work environment. They intend to build connections between patient and his/her interpersonal environment in order to restore or promote their health. This could be carry out through Care and support by family, Home care teams, and Community-based rehabilitation (Heijnders Van Der Meij, 2006). Furthermore, the organizational level also being used in order to change the perception of public towards stigma and its effect on individual. This could be accomplished through training programs and institutional changes which increase knowledge of the disease and effect of stigma on the lives of mentally ill clients (Heijnders Van Der Meij, 2 006). Additionally stigma reduction can be intervene at community level whose aim is to increase knowledge about mental illness and stigma attached to it. For stigma reduction campaign, education is often used as a first step and it may combine with the other strategies as well. Educational interventions may include presentations, discussions, simulations, audiotapes, and movies, focusing specific populations (Heijnders Van Der Meij, 2006). Lastly, on governmental level work can be carried out in order to structure such policy which aims to protect the rights of the people who are suffering from stigmatizing illness (Heijnders Van Der Meij, 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) argued that ‘policies on discrimination, access to prevention and care, confidentiality of care and individual’s rights can make a significant impact’ (2002). In Conclusion it is recommended that client’s dignity and safety should remain paramount at all times. To break the chain of stigma the social cognitive model should be vigilantly applied in psychiatric setting. Patient-centred approach is required, which starts with intrapersonal level, which gives power to affected person to development self esteem and stigma reduction related programs at other levels. â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so† (Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 2 Scene 2).

Advanced Technology Boon or Curse

CURRICULUM VITAE VANDANA KOLI E-MAIL:[email  protected] com CONTACT NO: 08816993499 Address: H. NO 1615 near gymkhana club Sector- 4, Rewari OBJECTIVE: To establish myself as a successful professional by executing my skills acquired from my academic qualifications, rich experience by personal approach to a given problem.Application of my talents and skills in the new atmosphere, with challenging outlook to gain the desired result in a given field. EDUCATION:- Professional Qualifications: Completed MBA in HR & Marketing from SITM Rewari (affiliated to MDU University Rohtak Haryana) Academic Qualifications: Completed Bachelor of Arts from M. D. University ( Rohtak) in 2010. Completed Senior Secondary from C. B. S. E in 2007. Completed Higher Secondary from C. B. S. E in 2005. KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED DURING JOB :- 1. Related essay: Internal Competition: A Curse for Team Performance?Develop interpersonal skill to interact with different kind of peoples. 2. Enhance knowledge . 3. A way of working . 4. How to work with team. AREA OF INTEREST: †¢ Interact with new people to share her views.. †¢ Internet surfing . PERSONAL SKILLS: †¢ Self Confidence & Willingness to Work. †¢ Good learner about new project or work. COMPUTER SKILLS: †¢ Basic Knowledge about computer †¢ Knowledge of MS Office and Internet. PERSONAL DETAILS: Father’s Name : Mr. Ranbir Singh Mother’s Name : Mrs. Sushila DeviDate of Birth : 9th March 1989 Sex : Female Nationality : Indian Marital Status : Single Languages Known : English, Hindi , Punjabi Permanent Address : H. NO. 1615 near gymkhana club Sector – 4, Rewari Pin No. -123401 Haryana DECLARATION: I, VANDANA KOLI Solemnly declare that the information given above are all true to the best of my Knowledge & believe. Place: REWARI Signature VANDANA KOLI

Gender Stereotyping in the Toy Industry - 775 Words

Gender stereotyping begins in a person’s life as early as infancy. Babies first encounter stereotyping when nurses put pink or blue wristbands around their hands: pink for girls and blue for boys. The stereotype continues throughout their childhood and life. Babies are normally dressed in their ‘gender-specific’ colour to reduce confusion about their sex and are expected to play with toys that are appropriate according to their gender. One of the most noticeable areas which cause stereotyping is the predominance of gender-labeling in children’s toys (Campenni 122). The gender stereotyping of colours in the toy industry has a negative effect on the economy in the long run by promoting certain gender roles and behaviors in children. The history of associating pink to girls and blue to boys has only been over fifty years old. Before the 1950s, pink was boys’ colour and blue was the colour for girls (Giudice 1321). Pink was considered a watered-down redà ¢â‚¬â€ a bold, fierce, colour of blood (Frassanito and Pettorini 881). Instead, blue was considered to be more â€Å"delicate and dainty, [which] is prettier for the girl† (qtd. in Frassanito and Pettorini 881). The current pink for girls and blue for boys began after World War II, when homosexuals were marked with pink triangles by the Nazi to signal weakness and effeminacy (Haeberle 284). After World War II, blue was used extensively in men’s uniform; pink was considered for women due to the ‘think pink’ feminism campaign (FrassanitoShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Toys1004 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper Toys are a way for children to express themselves. Industries are categorizing children’s toys by gender, using colors and advertising products in a certain way, leading to gender stereotyping, which is putting the â€Å"boy and girl† labels on toys. â€Å"By the mid-1990s, however, gendered advertising had returned to 1950s-levels, and it continued to grow in the 2000s† (Robb). These rates have gone up over the years and continue to cause negative effects on children’s development. HoweverRead MoreGender Stereotyping Is A Pervasive Issue Across Different Countries And Cultures Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Gender Stereotypes are fixed assumptions about the traits of women and men, their capabilities, and how an individual should behave based on their gender. (Gender stereotype, n.d.alleydog.com) Gender stereotyping is a pervasive issue across different countries and cultures, whether acknowledged or not. The occurrence of stereotyping is usually based on the categorization of an individual as a member of a social group, the traits that are associated with this social groupRead MoreToys Are An Integral Part Of Our Childhood1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthem to conform to the assigned gender roles and stereotypes. This is mainly done in accordance to their choice of games and toys. Toys are an integral part of our childhood. In some ways, it is the one thing that people from all over the world share in common. As children, toys were a major source of our entertainment and social interaction. However, the booming population of children and the growth of toy industry has resulted in the commercialization of childhood. Toys have been an effective methodRead MoreThe Effects Of Gender Typing On The Toy Industry1192 Words   |  5 PagesEveryone can remember their favorite toys as a child. From Cabbage Patch Kids to Hot Wheels to Legos, one can reminisce fondly about sitting on the floor and playing with one of these. However, depending on sex, a specific child may have found themselves playing with specific toys. For girls, things like baby dolls, Barbies, or dress-up kits are quite popular. Boys can be found playing with action figures and Nerf guns. This is where a problem is to be seen. Toys for children have actually had a quiteRead MoreThe Gender Marketing Of Toys : Shaping The Way Americans Shop And Play Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender Marketing of Toys: Shaping the Way Americans Shop and Play In the article, â€Å"The Gender Marketing of Toys: An Analysis of Color and Type of Toy on the Disney Website† authors Carol Auster and Claire Mansbach examined gender marketing of Disney products on the Internet. The way toys are marketed to the public shapes the perception of whether it is appropriate for a particular child to play with a certain toy. The authors found it important to study Disney toys marketed on the Internet becauseRead MoreToys Should Not Be Gender Biased Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of gender stereotypes and let the child discover how they want to represent themselves. A large divide between little boys and girls is shown in the toy industry. The retail chain Target recognized the influence of the gender bias toys and the impact they have on children and parents and began neutralizing labels within the toy department. Toys should not be gender biased because gender stereotyping has wavered back and forth over the past fifty years. Gender- biased toys can have an impactRead MoreEffect Of Society Over Gender And Sexual Identity Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesEffect of Society over Gender and Sexual Identity When Alex was born, his parents were delighted to add another boy to their family. As their baby boy began to grow and develop, they noticed that Alex began to express himself in a manner that they viewed as more feminine than masculine. He gravitated toward dolls and other toys that the culture often associates with girls. Concerned with the social ramifications associated with their child trying to be transgendered, they made the decisionRead MoreWomen s Social And Mental Development1439 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide highly idolized characters, but creates unrealistic and falsified interpretation of what it mean to be a specific gender. As a result, it can be seen that today’s modern western pop cultural, has become globalized into an industry of gender roles in which has transformed mainstream television, commercial ads, movies and toys. Stereotypical traits have been assigned to each gender and has become a significant problematic concern among adults in raising child ren. With the significant rise for entertainmentRead MoreThe Negative Effect Of Stereotypes1613 Words   |  7 Pagesstereotypes and the negative effects they have on society. The subtopics that I have chosen to focus on are racial, gender, and group stereotypes. [PUT SOMETHING HERE] Racial stereotyping deals with the assumptions about a race as a whole without considering what each person is like individually. Gender stereotypes are assumptions made about a gender and the characteristics of that gender. Group stereotypes aim toward a particular group or clique of people. These are the most common types of stereotypesRead MoreEssay about Media Stereotyping of Men and Women770 Words   |  4 Pages After watching television and flipping though ads and articles in several magazines, the stereotyping of men and women is so apparent but at the same time society is so blind to it. In society parents teach their children gender roles at a very early age. Gender roles refers to the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex learned through the socialization process. Males are traditionally expected to show aggressiveness and toughness, and females